A Wat is a complex of temple buildings surrounded by a wall. They can vary in size, layout, and architectural style. The layout is typically based around 1−2 symmetrical axes. Some temples have a free layout, as they were formed gradually.
A Wat consists of two parts: buildings dedicated to Buddha (Phutta-vat) and the monks' residential quarter (Sangha-vat). The core of the complex is the Phutta-vat buildings (Chedi, Bot, and Viharn), around which other structures are built. Bot and Viharn are the main religious buildings in the complex. They have a basilican type of structure and are oriented along the long axis (from west to east), with entrances at the ends. Their facades are colorful, and a plethora of decorative details plays a significant role. Despite their similarities, Bot and Viharn have different purposes: Viharn has a more "secular character," while only monks are allowed in Bot.
An integral part of the complex is the Stupa, which is divided into two types: Chedi and Prang. These are structures with a tiered base designed to house the relics of Buddha. Chedi looks like a bell, topped with a conical spire, while Prang comes from Khmer architecture and represents an elongated pyramid with rounded edges.
Kuti are designated for the monks' living quarters. These are small structures on stilts, varying in size and shape. Bell towers are built to notify monks of ceremonies and meals. Also, there are separate areas for rest and sermon reading in the form of open rectangular pavilions (Sala).
As most Buddhists are cremated, many temple complexes have crematoriums.
A library (Ho Trai) can also be found in a Wat. This is a wooden and richly decorated building on stilts or on a high base of small size. Sometimes, it is built in the middle of a pond.
The Thai Wat — a space created by history, religion, and art, which has been and continues to be the life center of Thai society.